Surviving Pandemics: The Little Things Make Big Differences: Water, Part 2
Hydration, digestion, and immune function work together in a complementary fashion. The first step of digestion begins in the mouth. When food is eaten, it is critical that sufficient saliva combines to create a “bolus,” or mass of well-chewed food with slimy strands that hold the food together. Saliva contains immune cells that bathe and coat the food, signaling to the body that food is no longer a foreign substance, it is now part of “self.” i If that doesn’t happen, autoimmune diseases can begin to occur. Next, when food enters the stomach, the stomach cells secrete gastric juices to accomplish tasks relating to both digestion and immune function; killing pathogens and digesting proteins amongst other important activities. Ideal stomach acid ph is between 1.5-3.5. Optimal function occurs, therefore, when the body is properly hydrated and fluids are “pre-made, ” ready to work when the system receives physiological cues.
Dysfunction can occur in various ways. Dehydration causes poor salivary PH or insufficient saliva resulting in cavities, slowing food digestion time, and can leave the body open to infection. In the stomach, dehydration causes the stomach cells to produce low levels of acid, leading to disease dysfunction, also known as pathophysiology. Examples include indigestion, ulcers, poor nutrition absorption, and even bacterial overgrowth. The practice of drinking waterii or other liquids with meals also contributes to diluting stomach acids. This deficiency of acid causes a condition known as hypochlorhydria that can allow pathogens to pass through digestion unharmed. If there are not sufficient levels of acid in the stomach, proteins will not be well-digested and will contribute to leaky gut.iii Undigested proteins cause fermentation which damage the gut lining. This in turn opens the gut barrier for pathogens, large food particles/molecules that may not have been completely broken down and other foreign objects to pass through the gut lining. The end results in some type of metabolic disease iv such as diabetes, or a cardiovascular condition, etc, certain types of asthma, or an autoimmune condition. Truly, Hippocrates was onto something when he stated, “disease starts in the gut.” But he would have been prophetic if he’d said, “Disease starts in the mouth.”
Additionally, as the gut and brain are in close communication via the vagus nerve (known also as the gut/brain axis) which connects the two systems, gut barrier damage travels and affects the brain barrier known as the blood-brain barrier. (bbb) v BBB barrier damage has been implicated in strokes, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s. vi
Metabolic diseases, dehydration, gut barrier and bbb permeability all played significant roles in the severity of contracted SARS-CoV-2 illness. Simply put, those who had better nutrition vii and were well hydrated viii had better outcomes after contracting Covid. Those who did not suffered heavily and certain demographics with some of the aforementioned co-morbidities often died as a result.
In the next article, the gut and blood brain barrier will be analyzed in their roles as gatekeepers or entry points in the SARS-CoV-2 illness.
i https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/odi.12867
ii https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18473176/ This study evidences that 200ml or less than a cup of water causes minimal or insignificant disruption to stomach acid. It should be considered that far more than 200ml per meal most likely ingested when dehydrated and this liquid is likely to be juice, a sugary drink, alcohol or some other that further adulterates stomach acid.
iii https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpgi.00319.2017
iv https://www.nature.com/articles/s41430-021-00991-6
v https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7532923/
vi https://rupress.org/jem/article/217/4/e20190062/151582/The-blood-brain-barrier-in-health-and-disease
vii https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33558839/
viii https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-08609-y
